A strata of verbal communication to that road of discovery is not a realm of words to counter a suggestion via the beam of only a sign. As people in habit turn to vampire a group as opposition to the idea of a shoulder the creative design will continue to empty a field to the impact of a comet's smiled at the mile wide measure of exact to actual ream. The crater left is a mark indeed, and as such will show stride of the deep space traveling at the race of light to impact, yet as the landing is a mushroom's boom it will only stipulate the scar of what is a wreck for the land is more than a catcher's mitt!!
As human beings on foot to Feat.
Beach as the gentle sand waves to grace the oceans stream of what is a flow. Tides in charge will hour a chart on a system that is in kind able to score the handle by a clock in the warn of knowing the venture to deep water in the ore as the wading ankle makes the meteor a discussion to earth on her abode. Method this while the conversation expands to fill the gentle sand, waves, grace, oceans, stream, and the flow with appropriate line to accompany your personal value to the easily comprehended landing of the first Man on the Moon. As Neil Armstrong has long grasped the fellowship of journal to the prowess of individual in a watch, his quote -- "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind."
To touch at the race of mankind is to be familiar with why the Moon is not the Sun and a star is exploding an ancient list to light the skies line with planetary directive. Shoes on planets to able an element is as the ice is glacier's fly. Taught bind of ream at the paper of priced for the tree is what to the mill of observation on the grove's charge?? Steep in that is grass, a flavor of sweet oat's sway as the wheat is rice's fined in the Wind's channel. A discussion of fell by the placed is as the chills rise a goose with a graveside chattel of battle the seed of said on that tomb's stone. Sluff-off the shoulder's bean and that merced ranges ditch with the water's wheel on the swamp's hand. Salvage a barge by the flat-bottom bone's and skeleton's raise to mirror the phone??
Crimson tides at the red-faced anger is perhaps the seen of only a tangerine at the expense of an Orange Tree's roof, however in the blush of apples baled, the barrel of the reach will know of one idiom. A proverb and most certainly known to humanity on the immediacy of said, 'one rotten (or bad) apple spoils the barrel' as defined with Dictionary.com (http://www.dictionary.com/browse/one-rotten-or-bad-apple-spoils-the-barrel) is core to an exact for the sword and the fact. In addition to the arithmetic of 'a rolling stone gathers no moss but it gains a certain polish' delivering a proverb with the engagement of the entire fit as ruined?? Lesson per the instructive to what is the cause will follow only should the cedar enclose that Wine's grape to the sealed lid??
What skull of brain casing is littered with environment, sheds to the shears of humanitarian's walk, places thought as an extra convenience and charges each day with shoulders of communication to the spoken tongue at the price of world letter and to the cost of such enunciation that spelling is the only identifier as differential's gear to shifting pen & stow by simply writing seared by path of cere, on a segway of a seer, to state sere??
McGuffey Readers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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McGuffey Readers were a series of graded primers, for grade levels 1-6. They were widely used as textbooks in American schools from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, and are still used today in some private schools and in homeschooling.
It is estimated that at least 120 million copies of McGuffey's Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a category with theBible and Webster's Dictionary.[1]Since 1961, they have continued to sell at a rate of some 30,000 copies a year.[1] Only the Ray's Arithmeticseries (1834-1913), written by a colleague of McGuffey's and begun in 1834, matched it in popularity.[1]
Contents
[hide]Author[edit]
Early life, education, and early career[edit]
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The editor of the Readers, William Holmes McGuffey, was born September 23, 1800, near Claysville, Pennsylvania, and moved to Youngstown, Ohio with his parents in 1802. McGuffey's family had emigrated to America from Scotland in 1774, and brought with them strong opinions on religion and a belief in education. Consequently, education and preaching the Gospel were McGuffey's passions. He had a remarkable ability to memorize and could commit to memory entire books of the Bible.
McGuffey became a "roving" teacher at the age of 14, beginning with 48 students in a one-room school in Calcutta, Ohio and at a seminary in the town of Poland, Ohio. The size of the class was just one of several challenges the young McGuffey faced. In many one-teacher schools, students' ages varied from six to 21. McGuffey often worked 11 hours a day, six days a week, in a succession of frontier schools, primarily in the state of Kentucky. Students brought their own books, most frequently the Bible, since few textbooks existed.
Between teaching jobs, McGuffey received a classical education at the Old Stone Academy (aka The Greersburg Academy) in Darlington, Pennsylvania. He went on to study at Washington College (now Washington & Jefferson College), where he graduated in 1826. That same year, he was appointed to a position as Professor of Languages at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.
Later career[edit]
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Although famous as the author of the Readers, McGuffey wrote few other works. He left Miami University for positions of successively greater responsibility at Cincinnati College,Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, and Woodward College in Cincinnati (where he served as president). He ended his career as a Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Virginia.
Personal life[edit]
In 1827, McGuffey married Harriet Spinning, and the couple eventually had five children.[citation needed]
Through the Civil War and following years, McGuffey was known for his philanthropy and generosity among the poor and newly emancipated African Americans.[citation needed]
Death[edit]
McGuffey died in 1873.[citation needed]
Publication[edit]
While McGuffey was teaching at Miami University, he established a reputation as a lecturer on moral and biblical subjects. In 1835, the small Cincinnati publishing firm of Truman and Smith asked McGuffey to create a series of four graded readers for primary-level students. McGuffey had been recommended for the job by Harriet Beecher Stowe, a longtime friend. He completed the first two readers within a year of signing his contract, receiving a fee of $1,000 ($20,000 in 2015 dollars). While McGuffey compiled the first four readers (1836-1837 edition), the fifth and sixth were created by his brother Alexander, during the 1840s. The series consisted of stories, poems, essays, and speeches. The advanced Readers contained excerpts from the works of well-regarded English and American writers and politicians such as Lord Byron, John Milton, and Daniel Webster.
Most schools of the 19th century used only the first two in the series of McGuffey's four readers. The first Reader taught reading by using the phonics method, the identification of letters and their arrangement into words, and aided with slate work. The second Reader was used once the student could read. It helped them to understand the meaning of sentences while providing vivid stories which children could remember. The third Reader taught the definitions of words and was written at a level equivalent to the modern 5th or 6th grade. The fourth Reader was written for the highest levels of ability on the grammar school level.
McGuffey's Readers were among the first textbooks in the United States designed to become increasingly challenging with each volume. They used word repetition in the text as a learning tool, developing reading skills by challenging students using the books. Sounding-out, enunciation, and accents were emphasized. Colonial-era texts had offered dull lists of 20 to 100 new words per page for memorization. In contrast, McGuffey used new vocabulary words in the context of real literature, gradually introducing new words and carefully repeating the old.
McGuffey believed that teachers, as well as their students, should study the lessons and suggested they read aloud to their classes. He also listed questions after each story, for he believed that asking questions was critical for a teacher to give instruction. The Readers emphasized spelling, vocabulary, and formal public speaking, which, in 19th-century America, was a more common requirement than today.
McGuffey is remembered as a conservative theological teacher. He interpreted the goals of public schooling in terms of moral and spiritual education, and attempted to give schools a curriculum that would instill Presbyterian Calvinist beliefs and manners in their students. While these goals were considered suitable for the relatively homogeneous America of the early-to-mid-19th century, they were less so for the increasingly pluralistic society that developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century. The content of the readers changed drastically between McGuffey's 1836-1837 edition and the 1879 edition. The revised Readers were compiled to meet the needs of national unity and the dream of an American melting pot for the world's oppressed masses. The Calvinist values of salvation, righteousness, and piety, so prominent in the early Readers, were excluded from the later versions. The content of the books was secularized and replaced by middle-class civil religion, morality and values. McGuffey's name was featured on these revised editions, yet he neither contributed to them nor approved their content.
Other types of schoolbooks gradually replaced McGuffey's in the academic marketplace. The desire for distinct grade levels, less overtly religious content, and the greater profitability of consumable workbooks, helped to bring about their decline. McGuffey's Readers never entirely disappeared, however. Reprinted versions of his Readers are still in print, and may be purchased in bookstores across the country. Today, McGuffey's Readers are popular among homeschoolers and in some Protestant religious schools.[2]
Influence[edit]
Pulitzer-Prize winning writer Ron Powers notes that the Readers effected the first mass-educated and mass-literate generation in the modern world.
The manufacturer Henry Ford cited McGuffey's Readers as one of his most important childhood influences. He was an avid fan of McGuffey's Readers first editions, and claimed as an adult to be able to quote from McGuffey's by memory at great length. Ford republished all six Readers from the 1867 edition and distributed complete sets of them, at his own expense, to schools across the United States. In 1934, Ford had the log cabin where McGuffey was born moved to Greenfield Village, Ford's museum of Americana atDearborn, Michigan. In 1936, Ford was an associate editor (along with Hamlin Garland, John W. Studebaker and William F. Wiley) of a collection of excerpts from McGuffey Readers. This 482-page compendium was dedicated to Ford, "lifelong devotee of his boyhood Alma Mater, the McGuffey Readers".
American composer Burrill Phillips composed a work entitled Selections from McGuffey's Reader, for orchestra, based on poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. It was completed in 1933.
